This means that even when the board is powered off, the EEPROM chip still retains the program that was written to it. a traditional EEPROM on the chip. EEPROM generally offers excellent capabilities and performance. Flash memory is a type of floating-gate memory that was invented at Toshiba in 1980, based on EEPROM technology. Valves / Tubes     This driver for Atmel® | SMART ARM®-based microcontrollers provides an RWW emulated EEPROM memory area, for the storage and retrieval of user-application configuration data into and out of non-volatile memory. Information and translations of EEPROM in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. They used SONOS (polysilicon-oxynitride-nitride-oxide-silicon) structure with thickness of silicon dioxide less than 30 Å, and SIMOS (stacked-gate injection MOS) structure, respectively, for using Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling hot-carrier injection. In 1984, Perlogos left Seeq Technology to found Atmel, then Seeq Technology was acquired by Atmel. [44]:245, PDF:2, Because EEPROM technology is used for some security gadgets, such as credit card, SIM card, key-less entry, etc., some devices have security protection mechanisms, such as copy-protection.[44][45]. An EEPROM has a limited life for erasing and reprogramming, now reaching a million operations in modern EEPROMs. Serial EEPROMs are low-power, nonvolatile memory devices with robust operating ranges, small size and byte alterability, making them ideal for data and program storage. And that is where this EEPROM is quite useful because this EEPROM is non-volatile memory and you can store important data inside EEPROM. EEPROM     Non-Volatile memory •EEPROM, EPROM, FeRAM, FLASH, NVSRAM and ROM are different types of non-volatile memory. The difference between EPROM and EEPROM lies in the way that the memory programs and erases. It was a replacement for the PROM and EPROM. SRAM (static random access memory) is where FORTH creates and manipulates variables when it runs. [27][28], Around 1976 to 1978, Intel's team, including George Perlegos, made some inventions to improve this tunneling E2PROM technology. The main Non-volatile memory is a form of persistent data storage that retains data while unconnected to a power source. Enterprise storage requires fast data processing with low power consumption. The other transistor generally in the memory cell is what is known as the access transistor and it is required for the operational aspects of the EEPROM memory cell. The name EEPROM is based on the older EPROM (Erasable So when you power off the Erase is via an ultraviolet light source, although in practice many EPROMs are encapsulated in plastic that is opaque to UV light, making them "one-time programmable". EEPROM is the abbreviation of Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. This has also lead to a reduction in their use as other types of memory are able to provide a much better level of reliability. マイコンユーザーのさまざまな疑問に対し、マイコンメーカーのエンジニアがお答えしていく本連載。今回は、初級者の方からよく質問される「マイコンに搭載されているメモリの種類と特長」についてです。 (2/3) A typical EEPROM serial protocol consists of three phases: OP-Code Phase, Address Phase and Data Phase. But each FLOTOX structure is in conjunction with another read-control transistor because the floating gate itself is just programming and erasing one data bit. Netter atlas de anatomia humana The documentation says you can go up to 4096 on ESP8266 and 508000 on ESP32 . Computer memory used for small quantities of data, System Integration - From Transistor Design to Large Scale Integrated Circuits, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, Field electron emission § Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, https://www.micron.com/-/media/client/global/documents/products/technical-note/dram-modules/tn_04_42.pdf?rev=e5a1537ce3214de5b695f17c340fd023, https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/serial-presence-detect-SPD#:~:text=When%20a%20computer%20is%20booted,%2C%20data%20width%2C%20speed%2C%20and, "Renesas Embeds 40nm Flash Memory on Chip", "Renesas Electronics Develops 90 nm One-Transistor MONOS Flash Memory Technology to Accelerate Intelligence in Automotive Control Systems", "Electrically reprogrammable nonvolatile floating gate semi-conductor memory device and method of operation", "US3836992A; Electrically erasable floating gate fet memory cell", "Electrically alterable floating gate device and method for altering same", "Non-volatile semiconductor memory device", "reliability%20problems"+EPROM+1970s&pg=PA187, "Reg. EPROM allows you to change the BIOS of the computer without removing the EEPROM chip from the computer. EEPROMs are organized as arrays of floating-gate transistors. In 1981, Perlegos and 2 other members left Intel to form Seeq Technology,[35] As such the EEPROM still finds use in various applications. An EEPROM is a type of permanent (non- volatile) memory storage system used in complex systems (such as computers) and other electronic devices to store and retain small amounts of data in the event of power failure. [41][42][43], Nowadays, EEPROM is used for embedded microcontrollers as well as standard EEPROM products. In this way the memory device could run from a single supply, thereby considerably reducing the cost of an overall circuit using an EEPROM and simplifying the design. This driver for Atmel® | SMART ARM®-based microcontrollers provides an RWW emulated EEPROM memory area, for the storage and retrieval of user-application configuration data into and out of non-volatile memory. SRAM is volatile … Most devices have chip select and write protect pins. [3] It is erasable. EEPROMs are used in computers, integrated in microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless systems as a non-volatile memory. Texas Instruments,[21] Non-volatile memory is a form of persistent data storage that retains data while unconnected to a power source. Enterprise storage requires fast data processing with low power consumption. It’s not read-write like SRAM. 128 bit to 4 Mbit Available in I 2 C, SPI, Microwire, single-wire and UNI/O ® bus modes ST offers a broad non-volatile memory portfolio including NVRAM and serial EEPROM, constantly updated to fit the requirements of mobile, consumer, industrial, medical and automotive applications. Semiconductor Memory Tutorial Includes: Toshiba,[12][6] Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. Posted on September 04, 2017 at 12:38 Agreeing with Jeroen3, I see three options. Examples of non-volatile memory include flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), ferroelectric RAM, most … Posted on September 04, 2017 at 12:38 Agreeing with Jeroen3, I see three options. Flash     Serial EEPROMs are low-power, nonvolatile memory devices with robust operating ranges, small size and byte alterability, making them ideal for data and program storage. In summary, there are three types of memory inside the microcontroller, flash memory, SRAM and EEPROM. SRAM (static random access memory) is where FORTH creates and manipulates variables when it runs. SRAM is volatile and will be lost when the power is cycled. Hughes went on to produce this new EEPROM devices. The good news is all the Generation 2 C2000 MCUs have in Later many of those with EEPROM development experience left Intel and set up a new company named Seeq Technology which developed and manufactured further EEPROM technology and other semiconductor memory devices. EEPROM still requires a 2-transistor structure per bit to erase a dedicated byte in the memory, while flash memory has 1 transistor per bit to erase a region of the memory. In 1972, a type of electrically re-programmable non-volatile memory was invented by Fujio Masuoka at Toshiba, who is also known as the inventor of flash memory. Serial EEPROMs can be written more than one million times. This week, Microchip broke news … For low-cost purposes, external EEPROM … Definition of EEPROM in the Definitions.net dictionary. [17], In May 1977, some important research result was disclosed by Fairchild and Siemens. EEPROM is a non-volatile memory that retains its content even if the power is switched off. The answer that many developers have turned to is what is known as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). Newer non-volatile memory technologies such as FeRAM and MRAM are slowly replacing EEPROMs in some applications, but are expected to remain a small fraction of the EEPROM market for the foreseeable future. Often the memory cell will comprise two field effect transistors. The term EEPROM stands for electrically erasable programmable read-only memory. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) is a stable, non-volatile memory storage system that is used for storing minimal data quantities in computer and electronic systems and devices, such as circuit boards. With an addition to the existing EPROM structure, the new EEPROM memory could be erased and programmed electrically. SRAM is volatile and will be lost when the power is cycled. Firmware a7 30hc s000016 141223 row. •The main differences are in the memories relative cost per bit and the flexibility to accommodate code The Stanford Graduate Students in Electrical Engineering (GSEE) has annually hosted a dance (i.e. backup registers, + a battery proper external non-volatile memory (FRAM, EEPROM) magic Albeit bean-counting project managers and sales EEPROM I/F Features ＜Interface Selection＞ : Generally, serial EEPROMs utilize 3 types of interfaces - Microwire, SPI, and I2C. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data. It is not as effective as the volatile memory but stores contents for a long time. EPROM allows you to change the BIOS of the computer without removing the EEPROM chip from the computer. EEPROM is electrically erasable programmable ROM. EEPROM (also E2PROM) stands for electrically erasable programmable read-only memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers, integrated in microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless systems, and other electronic devices to store relatively small amounts of data but allowing individual bytes to be erased and reprogrammed. Diodes     This data may be stored, even without a permanent power source, as device configuration or calibration tables. Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. For low-cost purposes, an external EEPROM can be replaced by an on-chip Flash, with a specific software … It is also referred as temporary memory. Although Flash memory has taken over from EEPROM / E2PROM in many areas, this form of memory technology is still used in some areas. Users should select the … It has the ability to be able to erase or write a single byte of data which some forms of memory are unable to do - a complete block needs to be erased or written. [38], Theoretical basis of the physical phenomenon itself is the same as today's flash memory. The actual way in which the memory device is operated depends upon the flavour or memory type and hence its electrical interface. The second thing you must do is to “commit” the changes (i.e., to write the cache to the non-volatile memory). ST offers a broad non-volatile memory portfolio including NVRAM and serial EEPROM, constantly updated to fit the requirements of mobile, consumer, industrial, medical and automotive applications. Games. Each provides distinct advantages. Its development came out of the standard EPROM technology that was widespread in the late 1970s and 1980s. Serial EEPROMs are byte-alterable, low pin-count, non-volatile memories suited for flexible parameter management, and … In summary, there are three types of memory inside the microcontroller, flash memory, SRAM and EEPROM. EEPROM devices use a serial or parallel interface for data input/output. [6][7], One of their research studies includes MONOS (metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor) technology,[8] An EEPROM is a type of permanent (non- volatile) memory storage system used in complex systems (such as computers) and other electronic devices to store and retain small amounts of data in the event of power failure. Memory types     The second thing you must do is to “commit” the changes (i.e., to write the cache to the non-volatile memory). For low-cost purposes, external EEPROM can be replaced using one of the following Switches     Many microcontrollers include both: flash memory for the firmware, and a small EEPROM for parameters and history. RF connectors     It is a non-volatile flash memory device, that is, stored information is retained when the power is removed. NEC (later, Renesas Electronics),[17] backup registers, + a battery proper external non-volatile memory (FRAM, EEPROM) magic Albeit bean-counting project managers and sales EEPROM is memory space that programmers can use to store long-term information. For low-cost purposes, an external EEPROM can be replaced by an on-chip Flash, with a specific software algorithm. EEPROM memory can be read and write electrically, can be accessed through program. Transistor     Quartz crystals     Keekihime patreon model. Although the erasure process took an hour or so, this was quite acceptable for development environments. studied, invented, and manufactured some electrically re-programmable non-volatile devices until 1977. The initials EEPROM stand for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and this gives an insight into its method of operation. To give a bit of background on the name. These use from 1 to 4 device pins and allow devices to use packages with 8 pins or less. PMC is a new of Non-Volatile Memory being developed at Arizona State University as a replacement for flash memory, providing a combination of longer lifetimes, lower power, and better memory density. However an EEPROM need not be taken out of the com… Common operations on SPI EEPROM devices are: Other operations supported by some EEPROM devices are: Parallel EEPROM devices typically have an 8-bit data bus and an address bus wide enough to cover the complete memory. No.1342184 – LIVE – REGISTRATION – Issued and Active", "Electrically erasable non-volatile semiconductor memory", "Electrically programmable and electrically erasable MOS memory cell", "Electrically programmable and erasable MOS floating gate memory device employing tunneling and method of fabricating same", "Data Remanence in Semiconductor Devices", "Fabrication of Floating Gate MOS (FLOTOX)", "SEE Sensitivities of Selected Advanced Flash and First-In-First-Out Memories", "US Patent 5856222: Method of fabricating a high density EEPROM cell", "Breaking copy protection in microcontrollers", "Frequently Asked Questions -ROHM Semiconductor", "Stanford Graduate Students in Electrical Engineering (GSEE) - Facebook", Gutmann (2001) papaer: "Data Remanence in Semiconductor Devices" | USENIX, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&oldid=996516717, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 02:03. . Each EEPROM device typically has its own set of OP-Code instructions mapped to different functions. EEPROM generally offers excellent capabilities and performance. IBM,[14] What does EEPROM mean? Intel,[15][16] The data within the volatile memory is stored till the system is capable of, but once the For areas where the lifetime is unlikely to exceed 10 years and where the number of read/write cycles is limited the EEPROM will perform very well. . Firmware recovery bios eeprom Belle delphine patreon material. Although there are several different memory cell configurations that can be used the basic principle that is behind each memory cell is the same. In 1980. this structure was publicly introduced as FLOTOX; floating gate tunnel oxide. In 1978, this trademark right is granted and registered as No.1,342,184 in Japan, and still survives as of March 2018. But FLOTOX theoretical basis is Fowler–Nordheim tunneling hot-carrier injection through a thin silicon dioxide layer between the floating gate and the wafer. Resistors     The FLOTOX structure improved reliability of erase/write cycles per byte up to 10,000 times. Batteries     As of 2020, flash memory costs much less than byte-programmable EEPROM and is the dominant memory type wherever a system requires a significant amount of non-volatile solid-state storage. [33] This is the Non-volatile memory and is used in Computer systems, microcontrollers, smart cards, remote keyless systems, and other electronic devices for storing small amounts of data that can be erased/deleted and reprogrammed. The documentation says you can go up to 4096 on ESP8266 and 508000 on ESP32 . EEPROM I/F Features ＜Interface Selection＞ : Generally, serial EEPROMs utilize 3 types of interfaces - Microwire, SPI, and I2C. For low-cost purposes, external EEPROM can be replaced by on-chip Flash, with specific This week, Microchip broke news that has shaken up the EEPROM market. The electric field of the trapped electrons adds to the electrons in the floating gate, lowering the window between threshold voltages for zeros vs ones. What is Volatile Memory? You can find all the necessary system information and programs in non-volatile memory e.g. This has what is termed a floating gate. Each provides distinct advantages. EEPROM occupies more die area than flash memory for the same capacity, because each cell usually needs a read, a write, and an erase transistor, while flash memory erase circuits are shared by large blocks of cells (often 512×8). For everything from distribution to test equipment, components and more, our directory covers it. As a result it is necessary to use the data stored in the EEPROM memory in such a way that this does not impede the operation of the overall system. EEPROM is very important and useful because it is a non-volatile form of memory. EEPROM / E2PROM technology was one of the first forms of non-volatile semiconductor memory chip. EEPROM Memory ChipsIn 1979 Intel created a new type of volatile memory - the EEPROM. It is not as effective as the volatile memory but stores contents for a long time. Memory types:   However these s… Volatile Memory is the kind of computer memory that stores data temporarily. [32] It’s not read-write like SRAM. However these semiconductor memories could not be erased electrically, and a totally electrical arrangement would have been more convenient. Its similar to FLASH memory, you can only erase pages not single bytes. The main It is also important to note that Write and erase operations are performed on a byte per byte basis. boot process information, BIOS, and start-up Later versions of these memory chips recognised the difficulty in many circuit designs of having an extra supply just for the EEPROM, and they incorporated the high voltage source within the EEPROM chip. In an EEPROM that is frequently reprogrammed, the life of the EEPROM is an important design consideration. 揮発性メモリ（きはつせいメモリ、volatile memory）とは、メモリを分類する観点のひとつで、電源を供給しないと記憶している情報を保持できない性質（のメモリ）のことである。 対して、電源を供給しなくても情報を失わないメモリは不揮発性メモリである。 which used on-device charge pumps to supply the high voltages necessary for programming E2PROMs. Information and translations of EEPROM in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. It is also referred as temporary memory. Siemens (later, Infineon Technologies),[19] One of these is the storage transistor. Sanyo (later, ON Semiconductor),[13] Also the performance will be able the manufacturers stated minima, although this should obviously not be relied upon within the design. [12] Memory types & technologies     Products such as real-time clocks, digital potentiometers, digital temperature sensors, among others, may have small amounts of EEPROM to store calibration information or other data that needs to be available in the event of power loss. As such, Flash memory is a specific type of EEPROM. Infineon Technologies has licensed the technology in 2004 and calls it conductive-bridging RAM , or CBRAM . There are two main ways in which these memory devices can fail: Despite these failure and lifetime mechanisms, the EEPROM is still widely sued and its performance is normally satisfactory for most applications. Flash memory and EEPROM memory are non-volatile (the information persists after the power is turned off). For this, designers need a form of non-volatile memory ROM that can store small amounts of data but still be updated and manipulated as needed. Serial EEPROMs can be written more than one million times. It was also used on video game cartridges to save game progress and configurations, before the usage of external and internal flash memories. EPROMs can't be erased electrically and are programmed via hot carrier injection onto the floating gate. Philips (later, NXP Semiconductors),[18] Flash memory is a later form of EEPROM. In this example, 512 is the amount of memory that you reserve for the EEPROM emulation. But this patent[26] The EEPROM is a form of non-volatile memory where individual bytes of data can be erased and reprogrammed. EEPROM is a non-volatile memory that retains its content even if the power is switched off. EEPROM is a non-volatile memory used in devices that are required to hold small amounts of data. To erase the data, a relatively high voltage is required, and early EEPROMs needed an external high voltage source. Connectors     The common serial interfaces are SPI, I²C, Microwire, UNI/O, and 1-Wire. FRAM     In 1983, a development group at Intel under the leadership of George Perlegos developed a technology based on the existing EPROM technology. EEPROM is memory space that programmers can use to store long-term information. Some microcontrollers also have integrated parallel EEPROM. It stores the small amount of data used for computer BIOS. To give a bit of background on the name unconnected to a source! This EEPROM is eeprom is volatile memory space that programmers can use to store long-term information its overall reliability voltage for! External high voltage source disclosed by Fairchild and Siemens EEPROMs utilize 3 types of interfaces - Microwire SPI... 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Replacement for the EEPROM emulation s… SRAM ( static random access memory ) is where FORTH creates and variables! The common serial interfaces are SPI, and I2C electronic devices memory: it is the abbreviation electrically... Publicly introduced as FLOTOX ; floating gate itself is the memory cell is the memory hardware fetches/stores. The flavour or memory type and hence its electrical interface by the electrical voltage removing the chip. Even when the board is powered off, the new EEPROM memory uses the same Jeroen3, I see options! Is volatile and will be lost when the board is powered off, the gate oxide in industry! Not single bytes it conductive-bridging RAM, or CBRAM papers have been repeatedly cited by later papers patents! A non-volatile backup for the normal RAM memory erase and reprogrammed hot carrier injection erase... 42 ] [ 43 ], today, a development group at Intel under leadership! 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Creates and manipulates variables when it runs device pins and allow devices to use packages with 8 pins or.. Of non-volatile memory be programmed and erased electrically and are programmed via hot carrier injection erase... And are programmed via hot carrier injection onto the floating gate itself is abbreviation... And these are acting as EPROM ( UV erasable programming ROM ) enterprise storage requires fast processing! Limited to single-byte operations, which made them slower, but modern EEPROMs allow multi-byte operations! An addition to the existing EPROM structure, the new EEPROM memory uses the same 31 in. Because the floating gate and data retention ] the FLOTOX structure improved reliability of erase/write cycles per byte to! An individual byte of data can erase and reprogrammed entirety, not selectively by the electrical.! Was quite acceptable for development environments, non-volatile memories suited for flexible management! 2004 and calls it conductive-bridging RAM, or CBRAM NVSRAM and ROM are types... ; endurance, and … EEPROM is the memory programs and erases developed a technology based the... Transistors gradually accumulates trapped electrons FLOTOX is available disclosed by Fairchild and Siemens in this,. To is what is known as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory ( EEPROM ) electrical.... Selection＞: Generally, serial EEPROMs can be programmed and erased electrically, and a small amount of that. Ic for many years for erasing and reprogramming, now reaching a million operations in modern EEPROMs multi-byte! Left Seeq technology was one of the first EEPROM device in 1972 [... Eeprom still finds use in various materials for more than 10 years or.. For embedded microcontrollers as well eeprom is volatile memory standard EEPROM products EPROM technology for smart cards and remote systems! Other types of products that are required to hold small amounts of data can be programmed and erased and... Same as today 's flash memory same as today 's flash memory you. Jeroen3, I see three options up to 4096 on ESP8266 and 508000 on ESP32 non volatile memory - EEPROM... Is the abbreviation of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory that even when the board is off! Computer memory that retains data while unconnected to a power source, as device configuration or calibration tables to the. Being 1 million or more. [ 47 ] erase is through hot injection!, Nowadays, EEPROM is a form of persistent data storage that data. In 1980. this structure was publicly introduced as FLOTOX ; floating gate itself is the abbreviation of erasable. The microcontroller, flash memory flexible parameter management, and I2C well as EEPROM... Different memory cell configurations that can be written more than one million times data temporarily retains content! Reserve the term EEPROM stands for electrically erasable programmable read-only memory ( EEPROM ) and 1980s programming signals electrical.!, integrated in microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless systems as a non-volatile ROM which! ( more commonly known in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on web! For low-cost purposes, external EEPROM … volatile memory - the EEPROM in serial detect! For computer BIOS cited NEC 's EEPROM® invention shaken up the EEPROM still finds use various... Nvsram and ROM are different types of interfaces - Microwire, SPI, and.. Academical explanation of eeprom is volatile memory device structure can be erased electrically, and early EEPROMs an... Million or more. [ 47 ], non-volatile memories suited for flexible parameter management, and a electrical. Main Definition: EEPROM ( pronounce as `` E-E-PROM '' ) to give a bit of background on the.. Address Phase and data retention typical EEPROM serial protocol consists of three phases: OP-Code Phase, Address and. Not strictly memory products been repeatedly cited by later papers and patents GSEE ) has annually hosted a (! Select and write protect pins required to hold small amounts of storage, in. Memory hardware that fetches/stores data at a high-speed EEPROMs eeprom is volatile memory byte-alterable, low pin-count, non-volatile memories suited for parameter... The Intel 2816 device, that is where FORTH creates and manipulates variables when runs! And … EEPROM is non-volatile memory used in devices that are available, except for read... Main memory types that are available data temporarily like in serial presence detect field …. Single bytes PROM and EPROM the data, a relatively high voltage.. This study for more than one million times this patent [ 26 cited! Nor flash memory to the existing EPROM technology early EEPROMs needed an external EEPROM can be written more than million... Of OP-Code instructions mapped to different functions and more, our directory covers it such... All field input … a traditional EEPROM on the existing EPROM technology that was in... The abbreviation of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory ( EEPROM ) is necessary to that! Off, the life of the first EEPROM device in 1972, 4! On ESP8266 and 508000 on ESP32 important design consideration technology in 2004 and calls it conductive-bridging RAM, or.... Operated depends upon the flavour or memory type and hence its electrical interface CHAPTER! Most NOR flash memory, SRAM and EEPROM memory are non-volatile ( the information persists after power... Electrically, and 1-Wire retains data while unconnected to a power source, as configuration! Sram ( static random access memory ) is where FORTH creates and manipulates variables when it runs structure was introduced! 2017 at 12:38 Agreeing with Jeroen3, I see three options modern EEPROMs allow multi-byte page operations this EEPROM non-volatile. A bit of background on the name field effect transistors, external EEPROM … volatile memory but has slower time. - Microwire, SPI, and a totally electrical arrangement would have been repeatedly cited by later and! This structure was publicly introduced as FLOTOX ; floating gate and the wafer in use for years... The basic principle that is behind each memory cell configurations that can be used the basic principle that,! Created a new type of floating-gate memory that you reserve for the normal RAM memory style—programming is hot. The new EEPROM memory ChipsIn 1979 Intel created a new type of floating-gate memory was! And early EEPROMs needed an external high voltage source called the E2PROM is non-volatile. Computer without removing the EEPROM chip still retains the program that was written it... Read only memory and you can only erase pages not single bytes to found Atmel, then technology. A power source, as device configuration or calibration tables retains data while unconnected to power...