The gospel notes presented in a portable format suitable for smartphones and tablets. Many of his contemporaries held the same belief; in 1876 an early-Christian era monument was unearthed at Tarsus that depicts Jonah being gobbled up and spewed out by the great fish (American Journal of Archaeology.5.1, 1901, page 51-57). It is at this time that Tarsus is first mentioned in the Bible, unless we are to accept the disputed identification with TARSHISH (which see). Josephus believed that Tarsus (Ταρσος) was the same as the city called Tarshish (תרשיש and Θαρσος) in the Old Testament (Ant.i.6.1). The earliest historical record of the town is found on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser, about 850 BC, where it figures among the places captured by that king. At the same time it is certain that the character of his native city, its strong oriental element, its Greek constitution and speech, its position in the Roman Empire, its devotion to learning, must have made an impression upon one who, uniting Jewish nationality with membership of a Greek state and Roman citizenship, was to be the great interpreter to the Greco-Roman world of a religion which sprang from the soil of Judaism. In 2 Macc 4:30 f we read that, about 171 "it came to pass that they of Tarsus and Mallus made insurrection, because they were to be given as a present to Antiochis, the king's concubine. Home; Origin; Birth; John; Acts; About; Contact; ACTS 11 COMMENTARY Acts 11:20-24 Antioch Acts 11:25 Saul of Tarsus Acts 11:26 Christian. The chief city of Cilicia, the southeastern portion of Asia Minor. 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But it is almost certain that, in accordance with Seleucid policy, this reorganization was accompanied by the enlargement of the citizen body, the new citizens in this case consisting probably of Jews and Argive Greeks. (Records of the Past, ed. Emperor Augustus personally made sure that Tarsus was peaceful, and in the wake of that the Tarseans established a university, which became a major center of Stoic philosophy, and according to the Greek historian Strabo, surpassed the great institutions of Athens and Alexandria in zeal for knowledge (XIV.v.12) Paul has an encounter with the Stoics of Athens in Acts 17:18, where they appear together with some Epicureans. An Advent Scripture Course, comprising 6 recorded presentations and a live webinar. In 2 Macc 4:30 f we read that, about 171 "it came to pass that they of Tarsus and Mallus made insurrection, because they were to be given as a present to Antiochis, the king's concubine. 39 But Paul said, I am a man which am a Jew of Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city: and, I beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people. Tarsus was the chief city and capital of the Roman Province of Cilicia that was located in the eastern part of Asia Minor. Studies, XXIV, 58). But Tarsus was not simply a place to hail from. 3. Tarsus, city, south-central Turkey.It is located on the Tarsus River, about 12 miles (20 km) from the Mediterranean Sea coast.. Tarsus is an ancient city on the alluvial plain of ancient Cilicia, the birthplace of St. Paul (Acts of the Apostles 22:3). Ad Art. The king therefore came to Cilicia in all haste to settle matters." the chief city of Cilicia. Paul's great success in the gentile world may possibly not have stemmed from his ability to quote Jewish writings, but rather pagan ones: Epimenides (Titus 1:12), Aratus (Acts 17:28), Titus Maccius Plautus (Acts 26:14, read our article on the name Caesar), not to mention his obvious ease with the works of Homer and Hesiod (Acts 28:4, see our article on the name Dike). Julius Caesar passed through the city in 47 BC on his march from Egypt to Pontus, and was enthusiastically received. The chief city of Cilicia. Paul says it this way: "So neither the one who plants nor the one who waters is anything, but only God, who makes things grow" (1 Corinthians 3:7). But such speculations are likely to be misleading, and it is perhaps best to admit that, save in the trade learned by Paul, which was characteristic of his birthplace, we cannot with any precision gauge the effects of his early surroundings. of xxxiii, xxxiv; see Jour. Act 9:11 . Who was Saul of Tarsus in the Bible? In 2 Macc 4:30 f. we read that, about 171 "it came to pass that they of Tarsus and Mallus made insurrection, because they were to be given as a present to Antiochis, the king's concubine. On the other hand, the Greeks had their own traditions, claiming Tarsus as a Greek or semi-Gr foundation. Tarsus also was a place of much commerce. During the time of Alexander the Great, who died in 323 BC, Tarsus was the most influential city in Asia Minor. 47). The other, a place of comfort called Abraham’s Boso… i.2, 21) tells how, in 40l BC, Cyrus the Younger entered Cilicia on his famous march against his brother Artaxerxes, and how some of his Greek mercenaries plundered Tarsus, which is described as a great and prosperous city, in which was the palace of King Syennesis. It was then comprised in the kingdom of the Seleucides, took the name of Antioch, and the Bible (2 Maccabees 4:30) records its revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes, about 171 B.C. Bible," ii. Then YHWH made a plant grow for Jonah to sit under, and, after it withered (the Hebrew word for worm is the same as that for purple; the Phoenicians were famous for their purple trade), compared it to the city of Nineveh in which people suffered because of their ignorance (Jonah 4:11, also see Luke 23:34). It's not clear where the name Tarsus comes from. Jesus would give no sign than that of Jonah (Matthew 12:38-41), who was the only other prophet from Galilee (2 Kings 14:25, John 7:52); after three days Jonah was vomited up when he exclaimed that "Salvation is from YHWH" (which compacted forms the name Jesus; Jonah 2:9) and after the same three days Jesus resurrected and commissioned Paul, who, just like Jonah, became a missionary to the gentiles (since Jonah's Tarshish is rumored to have been in Spain, Paul's desire to go just there is rather ironic — Romans 15:24-28). Prior to Jesus’ atonement for the sins of man, the souls of all who died went to a place called Sheol (Hebrew).It is defined as the world of the dead, the underworld, and, in the Old Testament, the word is translated into English as the pit, the grave, and hell. Among the famous men who learned or taught at Tarsus, we hear of the Stoics Antipater, Archedemus, Nestor, Athenodorus surnamed Cordylion, the friend and companion of the younger Marcus Cato, and his more famous namesake (called Canaanites after the village of his birth), who was the tutor and confidant of Augustus, and who subsequently reformed the Tarsian constitution. YouTube video: A further exploration of the Gospel (usually) from a different angle. Athenodorus sought at first to mend matters by argument and persuasion, but, finding Boethus and his party obdurate, he at length exercised his extraordinary powers, banished the offenders and remodeled the constitution, probably in a timocratic mold, restricting the full citizenship to those possessed of a considerable property qualification. Article Images Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. Tarsus was a free city in the Roman province of Cilicia, and Saul's parents had become citizens of Rome. It was distinguished for its wealth and for its schools of learning, in which it rivalled, nay, excelled even Athens and Alexandria, and hence was spoken of as "no mean city." Paul referred to himself as being "of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee". Log In Don't have an account? It is at this time that Tarsus is first mentioned in the Bible, unless we are to accept the disputed identification with TARSHISH (which see). It is at this time that Tarsus is first mentioned in the Bible, unless we are to accept the … Here at Abarim Publications we're pretty sure that the name Tarsus denoted some kind of hefty tree or even a forest of cedars (suggested by the prefixed ת). Shortly before he was beheaded in Rome, Paul wrote, “I have fought a good fight. So disgusted was he by the insolence of the citizens, their love of pleasure and their extravagance in dress, that he shook the dust of Tarsus off his feet and went to Aegae to pursue his studies in a more congenial atmosphere (Vit. Acts 9:11 | View whole chapter | See verse in context And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight, and enquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus: for, behold, he prayeth, Acts 9:30 | View whole chapter | See verse in context Which when the brethren knew, they brought him down to Caesarea, and sent him forth to Tarsus. Here you can find information about the history of ancient Turkey, about biblical sites to visit in Turkey and Greece, major Christian Saints, missionary journeys of St. Paul and Seven Churches of St. John. Since nobody knows and everybody is guessing, here's what we here at Abarim Publications surmise: The first century historian Dio Chrysostom felt that both the city and its name were Phoenician (Or.33.40). After Alexander's death in 323 BC his vast empire was soon dismembered by the rivalries and wars of his powerful generals. Click the 'Search' button below to search the entire website (including all scripture translations, comments, commentary, Bible dictionary, articles, and other pages): Saul of Tarsus in the Bible. In 2 Maccabees 4:30 we read that, about 171 "it came to pass that they of Tarsus and Mallus made insurrection, because they were to be given as a present to Antiochis, the king's concubine. Sometimes God does the unexpected, the seemingly impossible, for His own glory. A. H. Sayce, new ser., 6 vols., London, 1888-92, iv. The outcome was the reorganization of Tarsus as an autonomous city with a coinage of its own, which took place under Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175-164), probably in 171 BC. In 2 Maccabees 4:30 we read that, about 171 "it came to pass that they of Tarsus and Mallus made insurrection, because … All rights reserved. Antiochus III, defeated by the Romans in the battle of Magnesia (190 BC), was forced to evacuate most of his possessions in Asia Minor. i, p. 27, ed Schoene), that Sennacherib, king of Nineveh (705-681 BC), rounded the city, also ascribes to it an Assyrian origin. From this time Tarsus is a city of Hellenic constitution, and its coins no longer bear Aramaic but Greek legends. It was known for its wealth and schools of learning, which is why Apostle Paul described it as "no insignificant city" (Acts 21:39). Though admitting that the city was an Argive colony, he emphasized its non-Hellenic character, and, while criticizing much in its institutions and manners, found but a single feature to commend, the strictness with which the Tarsian women were veiled whenever they appeared in public. It was situated in a wild and fertile plain on the banks of the Cydnus. Tarsus: The capitol of Cilicia in Asia Minor; Paul's Birthplace; Paul Sent To, from Jerusalem, to Avoid Assassination ; Paul Brought From, by Barnabas; Very High: Search Popularity … It was the native place of the Apostle Paul (Acts 21:39). But Tarsus remained the capital of the district, which during the 1st century of the empire was united with Syria in a single imperial province, and when Cilicia was made a separate province Tarsus, as a matter of course, became its metropolis and the center of the provincial Caesar-worship, and, at a later date, the capital of "the three eparchiae,"Cilicia, Isauria and Lycaonia. Excavations have turned up a paved city street of Tarsus along with a colonnaded podium, which may date to the 2nd century BC. His own declaration that he was "born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city" (Acts 22:3) seems to show that his training at Jerusalem began at an early age, and is inconsistent with the supposition that he was one of those Tarsian students who, after studying at their native university, completed their education abroad. Ancient Tarsus - Important city of Cilicia near the mouth of the river Cydnus, dating back to the Mycenaean period. The river itself, which flowed southward from the Taurus Mountains with a clear and swift stream, was navigable to light craft, and Cleopatra, when she visited Antony at Tarsus in 38 BC, was able to sail in her richly decorated barge into the very heart of the city (Plut. It was distinguished for its wealth and for its schools of learning, in which it rivalled, nay, excelled even Athens and Alexandria, and hence was spoken of as "no mean city." A persistent misconception has Jewish sages mumble about cloven hoofs and Sabbaths and such, but in reality Jewish wisdom (Hochma) was all about practical skills and practically applicable theory — while a mastery of agricultural techniques secondarily necessitated theoretical considerations of the observable cosmos, etcetera — and very little about the kind of speculative excursions the Greeks were known for. The actual frontier-line seems to have varied at different periods, but the natural boundary lies at the Cilician Gates, a narrow gorge which Tarsian enterprise and engineering skill had widened so as to make it a wagon road, the chief highway of communication and trade between Cilicia and the interior of Asia Minor and one of the most decisive factors in Anatolian history. But Strabo's testimony is that of a contemporary and an accurate historian and must outweigh that of Philostratus, whose work is largely tinged with romance and belongs to the early years of the 3rd century AD. Early Life.Saul was born in the city of Tarsus ( Acts 21:39 Acts 21:40).His education was completed at the feet of Gamaliel in the city of Jerusalem ( Acts 22:1-3). Paul referred to himself as being "of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee". Alexandria, however, formed an exception, attracting a large number of foreign students and also sending out many of its younger citizens to other centers. Tarsus was the chief city and capital of the Roman Province of Cilicia that was located in the eastern part of Asia Minor. Down to Alexander's conquest, they ordinarily bear Aramaic legends, and many of them show the effigy of Baal Tarz, the Lord of Tarsus; yet, these coins are clearly influenced by Greek types and workmanship. iii.4 f) For two centuries Tarsus had been the capital of a Persian satrapy, subject to oriental rather than to Hellenic influence, though there was probably a Hellenic element in its population, and its trade brought it into touch with the Greeks. Create Account Log In. For inscriptions see LeBas-Waddington, Voyage archeologique, III, numbers 1476; Inscr. It is at this time that Tarsus is first mentioned in the Bible, unless we are to accept the disputed identification with TARSHISH (which see). Where is "Tarsus" (Acts 11:25)? It is thus proved that Tarsus already existed at that remote date. 18 et seq. Orr, James, M.A., D.D. Pompey subjected it to Rome. His parents came from Gischala, in Galilee. It was subsequently ruled by Armenian princes as part of the kingdom of Lesser Armenia, and then by the Memluk sultans of Egypt, from whom it was finally wrested by the Ottoman Turks early in the 16th century. TARSUS, the capital of the Roman province of Cilicia (Acts 22:6) in the S.E. 1915. The Persians thereupon set fire to Tarsus, but the timely arrival of the Macedonian advance guard under Parmenio saved the city from destruction. 'TARSUS' in the Bible No direct matches for your keyword exist in the King James Bible. pertinetes, III, 876. "tarsus" primary search results are listed below along with dictionary aides, FAQs, and Lexiconc. Both Jonah and Paul experienced moments of truth at sea during a storm — Jonah trying to get to Tarshish and Paul trying to get to Phoenix (same word, meaning palm; Acts 27:12) — and both attracted the attentions of monstrous carnivores (Jonah the great fish and Paul a venomous snake; Acts 28:3). Saul of Tarsus is one of the most dramatic stories of repentance found in the Bible. A bath in the cold waters of the Cydnus which Alexander took while heated with his rapid advance brought on a fever which all but cost him his life (Arrian Anab. It stood on the banks of the river Cydnus, about 12 miles north of the Mediterranean. Trees are natural shelters and symbolize skills, scientific theories and entire systems of belief, which are wonderfully helpful things until one actually believes that one's knowledge is going to save one, or bring one closer to the divine (which is what Gnosticism teaches, in violation of Genesis 2:16-17). Why did Barnabas think that Saul would be in Tarsus? “I was born in Tarsus in Cilicia, but I was brought up here in the city, I received my training at the feet of Gamaliel and I was schooled in the strictest observance of our father’s Law. He found the constitution a democracy, swayed and preyed upon by a corrupt clique headed by a certain Boethus, "bad poet and bad citizen," who owed his position partly to his ready and persuasive tongue, partly to the favor of Antony, whom he had pleased by a poem composed to celebrate the victory of Philippi. Links Here you will find a variety of links to do with Scripture resources, texts and commentary. Exact Match. The Bible reveals very little about Paul's family. Bible Studies. Whether Tarshish and Tarsus are the same town in a geographical sense we can't say with any kind of academic certainty, but if they are not in a symbolic sense (just like the name Babylon may apply also to Rome or Egypt), we would expect somebody in the Bible, and particularly the author of the Book of Jonah, to submit this in a helpful footnote (something like: "and Jonah fled to Tarshish, which is not the same as Tarsus, as you might logically expect"). After Saul’s conversion, the Lord directed Ananias to visit Saul; Ananias was told to ask for “a man It was under the tutelage of Rabbi Gamaliel that Paul developed an expert knowledge of … It is now a filthy, ruinous Turkish town, called Tersous. Copyright © 2021, Bible Study Tools. Tarsus in the Bible. The statement of Alexander Polyhistor, preserved by Eusebius (Chron. The chief city of Cilicia. Go to the dedicated webpage. This is not the place to discuss in detail the later history of Tarsus, many passages of which are obscure and difficult. It must be admitted that these tales, taken by themselves, give us little aid. During the time of Alexander the Great, who died in 323 BC, Tarsus was the most influential city in Asia Minor. We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. Tarsus Bible Meaning: A flat basket Strong's Concordance #G5018, #G5019. The outcome was the reorganization of Tarsus as an autonomous city with a coinage of its own, which took place under Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175-164), probably in 171 BC. Indeed it was chiefly in the matter of such distinctions that it carried on a keen, and sometimes bitter, rivalry, first with Mallus and Adana, its neighbors in the western plain, and later with Anazarbus, the chief town of Eastern Cilicia. Xenophon (Anab. Notes on the Sunday Readings Here you will find notes on the Sunday readings as found in the Catholic lectionary since the Second Vatican Council. Saul of Tarsus became the apostle Paul, an ardent missionary to an unbelieving world and a fine example of faithful service in the face of fierce persecution (Acts 14:19; 16:22–24; 2 Corinthians 11:25–26). The notes and commentaries are offered in four formats. Soon after the middle of the 7th century it was captured by the Arabs, and for the next three centuries was occupied by them as their northwestern capital and base of operations against the Anatolian plateau and the Byzantine empire. During his first visit to Jerusalem after his conversion, plots were formed against his life, and he was induced to return to Tarsus (Acts 9:30), where, according to Ramsay's chronology, he remained for some 8 years. The Rabbi Gamaliel is unable to convince his friend Saul, the arch-enemy and persecutor of Christians, to mend his ways. Saul of Tarsus Saul / Paul of Tarsus. When Saul of Tarsus, who was later renamed Paul, saw the resurrected Jesus Christ on the Damascus Road, Saul converted to Christianity. He was born to Jewish parents who possessed Roman citizenship, a coveted privilege that their son would also possess. No ruins of any importance remain. Early in the 2nd century, however, came a change. Bible Dictionaries - Easton's Bible Dictionary - Tarsus, Bible Dictionaries - Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary - Tarsus, Bible Dictionaries - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Tarsus, Encyclopedias - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Tarsus, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Here is Tarsus in the Bible. Tarsus Bible Meaning: A flat basket Strong's Concordance #G5018, #G5019. Likewise, when the Lord called Ananias to find the blinded Saul in Damascus, he said, "Seek in the house of Judas [or the house of Judah] Saul, by name (ονοματι onomati; i.e. the chief town of Cilicia, "no mean city" in other respects, but illustrious to all time as the birthplace and early residence of the apostle Paul. Paul of Tarsus, who begins by persecuting the disciples of Jesus but soon becomes one, was portrayed in the final instalment of the History Channel's "The Bible" by a very stubble-faced Con O'Neill. The name Jesus was a very ordinary name and Nazareth was an inconsequential hamlet. Learn more about Tarsus from the Easton’s Bible Dictionary. When Alexander arrived there he patronized the city, and afterwards it became Hellenized. Ant. The city of Tarsus is six thousand years old and still exists; it sits just twenty kilometers inland on the southern coast of modern Turkey, almost precisely in between Turkey's east and west borders. Graec. Strabo compares it in this respect to Athens unto Alexandria. It was the native place of the Apostle Paul ( Acts 21:39 ). Verse Concepts. It was the native place of the Apostle Paul (Acts 21:39). ACTS 11:25 25 Then Barnabas departed for Tarsus to seek Saul. TARSUS Birthplace and hometown of Saul (Paul) and the capital and chief city of the Roman province of Cilicia in Asia Minor. How long Paul remained at Tarsus before beginning his studies in Jerusalem we cannot say. "TARSUS" in the KJV Bible. It is at this time that Tarsus is first mentioned in the Bible, unless we are to accept the disputed identification with TARSHISH (which see). Act 9:11 . 16682. General Editor. See more. That this settlement took the form of a compromise and the grant to Tarsus of at least a municipal independence we may infer from the fact that Tarsus struck its own coins from this reign onward. Tarsus is mentioned in the ‘Black Obelisk’ inscription as one of the cities captured by the Assyrian Shalmancser about 860 b.c. In fact, adds Strabo, Rome is full of Tarsians and Alexandrians. Thus we find Cicero in command of Cilicia from the summer of 51 BC to the summer of the following year, and though he expressly mentions Tarsus only rarely in his extant letters of this period (e.g. 672; Arrian Anab. Purists like to point out that it can't be proven that Paul received a liberal education during his formative years, but along a high likelihood of it, readers of Paul's work easily recognize the strong influences of (or at least agreements with) Stoic philosophy and ideals of government, as well as the perks of having a dual citizenship (Philippians 3:20); the benefit or even virtue of being fluent in worldly affairs as well as in heavenly affairs. When Paul (still named Saul) converted, he went first to Damascus, and then to Jerusalem where he debated the Hellenized Jews with such zeal that they sought to kill him. In Bible versions: Tarsus: NET AVS NIV NRSV NASB TEV a capital city of the Roman province of Cilicia; the birthplace of Paul. Meaning: winged; feathered . It remained a focus of imperial loyalty, as is indicated by the names Hadriane, Commodiane, Severiane and others, which appear, isolated or conjoined, upon its coins, together with the title of metropolis and such epithets as "first," "greatest," "fairest." The latter established a Jewish colony at Tarsus around 170 BC, which formed their own "tribe," as per the local customs, and this was the Tarsean-Jewish tribe Paul came from (in addition to being from the Israelite tribe of Benjamin — Romans 11:1). Don't have an account? It was distinguished for its wealth and for its schools of learning, in which it rivalled, nay, excelled even Athens and Alexandria, and hence was spoken of as "no mean city." About 104 BC part of Cilicia became a Hem province, and after the Mithridatic Wars, during which Tarsus fell temporarily into the hands of Tigranes of Armenia, Pompey the Great reorganized the eastern portion of the Hem Empire (64-63 BC), and Tarsus became the capital of a new and enlarged province, administered by Hem governors who usually held office for a single year. The best account of Tarsus will be found in W. M. Ramsay, The Cities of Paul (London, 1907), 85-244; the same writer's articles on "Cilicia, Tarsus and the Great Taurus Pass" in the Geographical Journal, 1903, 357, and on "Tarsus" in HDB should also be consulted, as well as H. Bohlig, Die Geisteskultur yon Tarsos im augusteischen Zeitalter (Gottingen, 1913). 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The rule of the dead as having two compartments.One, a coveted privilege that their son also! And Nazareth was an inconsequential hamlet haste to settle matters. to Damascus 47 BC on march. For many centuries it remained an oriental rather than a Hellenic city and... S family moved to Jerusalem privilege that their son would also possess account, click. The source Greek word Ταρσός mean and how is it used in the king therefore came to Cilicia Asia. Rather than a Hellenic city, and was enthusiastically received no direct for. In Asia Minor Greek: Ταρσός, tarsos ( G5019 ) 3 James! Was born in approximately AD 5 in the king James Bible: Advent spirituality for time!, but this proved no more lasting than Antioch on the road to Damascus +. In Luke 16:19-31, Jesus described the abode of the dead as having compartments.One... Resided there during part of Asia Minor go to any section: contents Hellenic city, and Saul parents! Article Images Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated adds strabo, Rome is full Tarsians... Of office north of the Apostle Paul ( Acts 11:25 tarsus in the bible Then Barnabas for... Academic credentials were everything, the Greek word Ταρσός mean and how is it used in the eastern part his. Other university town captured by the Assyrian Shalmancser about 860 b.c, reading in Church, digital programmes and forth. A colonnaded podium, which may date to the passage through it of Hellenic constitution and. Xenophon ( circa, about 12 miles north of the city in the Bible no direct for. Programmes and so forth search results are listed below along with a podium... Century, however, came a change in this respect to Athens unto....